Adjective phrase

ADJECTIVE PHRASES

K. Hanson

Adjective clauses can be reduced to adjective phrases under certain grammatical conditions.  In the examples below, you will see a noun modified by an adjective clause and then an example of the same noun modified by the shorter adjective phrase.  The red dots indicate that the main clause is incomplete as you are focusing only on clause-to-phrase reduction in these examples.  For such reductions to occur, the relative pronoun must be a subject pronoun in all cases.

Grammatical Condition	Clause	Phrase
Verb in adjective clause is an active verb	People who live in large cities...	people living in large cities...
Verb in adjective clause is progressive	Students who are studying at urban campuses...	Students studying at urban campuses...
Verb in adjective clause is passive	Children who are born with congenital heart disease...	Children born with congenital heart disease... (the preferred style)
Adj. clause has the verb be + adjective + infinitive complement	Children who are most likely to recover from serious illness...	Children most likely to recover from serious illness...
Adj. clause has another name for the modified noun (an appositive)	Dr. Francisco Ramirez, who is chief pediatric surgeon at Children's Hospital,...	Dr. Francisco Ramirez, chief pediatric surgeon at Children's Hospital,... the appositive phrase is preferred style and is non-restrictive.

Conditional sentence

Conditional Sentences

BENTUK UMUM :

MAIN CLAUSE + IF CLAUSE

DI MANA :

Main clause selalu mempunyai modal auxiliary
If clause selalu berupa : simple present, simple past, atau past perfect

1. conditional sentences type 1 : true in the present or future

S + MODAL V1 + V1 . . IF + S + V1 ATAU TO BE V1

FACT :
Mengubah kata if dengan on condition that, provided, atau unless

contoh  :
conditional : I may study in university if i graduate from senior high school
fact : i may study in university  on condition that i graduate from senior high school

2. conditional sentences type 2 : untrue in the present

S + MODAL V2 + V2 . . IF + S + V2 ATAU TO BE V2

FACT :
1. Ubah kata if menjadi because
2. Ubah tense menjadi simple present dan hilangkan modal
3. Ubah kalimat negatif menjadi positif dan sebaliknya

contoh :
conditional : I might study in university if i graduated from senior high school
fact : I don't study in university because i don't graduate from senior high school

 

3. conditional sentences type 3 : untrue in the past

S + MODAL V2 + HAVE + V3 . . IF + S + HAD + V3 ATAU HAD BEEN

FACT :
1. Ubah kata if menjadi because
2. Ubah tense menjadi simple present dan hilangkan modal
3. Ubah kalimat negatif menjadi positif dan sebaliknya

contoh :
conditional : I might have studied in university if i had graduated from senior high school
fact : I didn't study in university because i didn't graduate from senior high school

modal auxiliaries

1. will
  a. menyatakan kehendak
  - i will tell you the truth
  b. menyatakan permintaan
  - will you close the window, please?
2. shall
  a. menyatakan pertanyan
  - shall i open the window?
  b. menyatakan suatu peristiwa yang akan terjadi
  - i shall you next saturday night
3. can
  a. menyatakan kemampuan
   - i can speak english fluently
  b. menawarkan sesuatu
   - what can i do for you?
4. may/might
  a. menyatakan kemungkinan
   - she may still be on her way.
5. must
  a. menyatakan keharusan
   - you must be on time
  b. menyatakan larangan
   - you must not go alone. it's too dangerous for you
6. have/has to
   a. menyatakan keharusan
   - all students have to obey the rules.
7. would
   a. menyatakan undanga atau tawaran
   - would you go with me?
   b. menyatakan permintaan sopan
   - would you take me my book, please?
8. should
   a. menyatakan saran
   - you should study hard in order to become clever.